The verdict is increasingly negative concerning Masssachusetts’ ill-fated attempt to force feed health “reform” to the public. The effort was doomed to fail from the outset because it was and is devoid of genuine market-based incentives. Conceived in the heat of political expediency, Massachusetts “health reform” is a fiscal black hole operated by a bloated, top heavy bureaucracy.
The seeds of the current mess were originally sown in the form of state-imposed (is there any other kind?) mandates:
Insurance in Massachusetts is among the most expensive in the nation because of multiple mandates, such as premium price controls and rules dictating that coverage be offered to all comers regardless of health. (February 1, 2008 Wall Street Journal)
The Bay State has long served up coverage-specific insurance mandates, such as for fertility treatments, which raise costs. Yet in a just-deserts twist, Massachusetts health planners are now reviewing ways to trim mandates because the state is footing more of the bill, even if they didn’t care when imposing them on individuals and small business. A state-sponsored study shows that total spending on mandates was $1.32 billion in 2005, or 12% of premiums. The study is devastating despite its pro-mandate slant. (July 29, 2008 Wall Street Journal).
For 15 years Massachusetts has also imposed mandates known as guaranteed issue and community rating — meaning that insurers must cover anyone who applies, regardless of health or pre-existing conditions, and also charge everyone the same premium (or close to it). Yet these mandates allow people to wait until they’re sick, or just before they’re about to incur major medical expenses, to buy insurance. This drives up costs for everyone else, which helps explain why small-group coverage in Massachusetts is so much more expensive than in most of the country. (July 11, 2009 Wall Street Journal)
Adding to the mandate mess is the fact that consumers and individuals always behave according to their perceived self interests. In insurance markets, this self interest manifests itself as “adverse selection“, which means that sick/dying individuals have a greater incentive to buy insurance than do healthy individuals. The invariable result is a market imploding under the weight of runaway costs. The following are excerpts from the blog of Charlie Baker, CEO of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and newly declared candidate for Governor of Massachusetts.
Under health care reform, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts merged the individual market with the small group market – creating what is commonly referred to as the “merged market.”
The outcome of a merged market would be different in different states, depending on the rules for individual policies and small group policies prior to and after reform. ‘Nuff said about that.
(Editor’s note: Rules are tantamount to mandates.)
Now here’s the costly wrinkle. When the merger occurred, the state told the health plans in Massachusetts that we could no longer apply a pre-ex exclusion or waiting period to individual purchasers unless we applied it to all purchasers in the merged market (including all small businesses). No one was willing to impose such a condition across the entire merged market - primarily because it would be unfair to small businesses to impose such a requirement. In the end, we all hoped that the new state requirement on individuals to have health insurance – or pay a tax penalty - would encourage healthy individuals to purchase insurance every year, and offset this now wide open front door for individual coverage.
Long story short, I don’t think it’s working.
Between April of 2008 and March of 2009, about 40% of the people who purchased individual insurance from Harvard Pilgrim stayed covered by us for less than 5 months. Even more amazing, they incurred, on average, about $2,400 per person in monthly medical expenses – roughly 600% higher than what we would have expected. It wouldn’t surprise me if other health plans have the same problem.This is a problem. It is raising the prices paid by individuals and small businesses who are doing the right thing by purchasing twelve months of health insurance, and it’s turning the whole notion of shared responsibility on its ear. It’s also created a new way for people who don’t want to play by the rules to avoid them. The state needs to reconsider its policy to eliminate waiting periods and/or pre-ex exemptions for individuals purchasing health insurance in the merged market. That would be the simplest and easiest way to protect individuals and small businesses who are playing by the rules – and limit the very costly impact of this wrinkle in health care reform.
(Editor’s note: mandates plus adverse selection equals dysfunctional market. Consumers outwit bureaucrats, yet again. Not a difficult task by the way.)
The July 11, 2009 Wall Street Journal editorial omits mention of the religious exemption built into Commonwealth Choice. Its text follows:
Massachusetts residents who can afford health insurance but do not buy it must pay a tax penalty unless they qualify for a religious or hardship exemption, or a waiver.
- You can claim a religious exemption if you have sincerely held religious beliefs that prevent you from buying or having health insurance.
The bottom line: Massachusetts health care “reform” is a textbook example of what not to do. It is devoid of genuine market incentives, and relies instead on a series of ill-conceived mandates that incentivize adverse selection. Productive reform eliminates the guaranteed issue/community rating mandates. Paradoxically, this will encourage consumers to purchase and retain health insurance when they don’t need it so that they will have it when they do. Additionally, productive reform must also eliminate the “minimum coverage” mandates that drive policy costs skyward. Lastly, bureaucrats and politicians, their good intentions notwithstanding, must be humble enough to realize that they have neither the right nor the wisdom to legislate the happiness and well being of others. The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
“The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them.” Albert Einstein. Amen.